2 volumes (1375 pages) : 24 cm

Geographical, environmental, and economic study of the Mediterranean lands with emphasis on period 1550-1600 A.D

Translation of: La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II

Includes bibliographical references (pages 1245-1313) and indexes

Volume I. Part One. The role of the environment -- I. The Peninsulas: mountains, plateaux, and plains. 1. Mountains come first ; 2. Plateaux, hills, and foothills ; 3. The plains ; 4. Transhumance and nomadism -- II. The heart of the Mediterranean : seas and coasts. 1. The plains of the sea ; 2. Mainland coastlines ; 3. The islands -- III. Boundaries : the greater Mediterranean : a Mediterranean of historical dimensions. 1. The Sahara, the second face of the Mediterranean ; 2. Europe and the Mediterranean ; 3. The Atlantic ocean -- IV. The Mediterranean as a physical unit : climate and history. 1. The unity of the climate ; 2. The seasons ; 3. Has the climate changed since the sixteenth century? -- V. The Mediterranean as a human unit : communications and cities. 1. Land routes and sea routes ; 2. Shipping : tonnages and changing circumstances ; 3. Urban functions ; 4. Towns, witnesses to the century -- Part two : Collective destinies and general trends -- I. Economies : the measure of the century. 1. Distance, the first enemy ; 2. How many people? ; 3. Is it possible to construct a model of the Mediterranean economy? -- II. Economies: precious metals, money, and prices. 1. The Mediterranean and the Gold of the Sudan ; 2. American silver ; 3. The rise in prices -- III. Economies : trade and transport. 1. The pepper trade ; 2. Equilibrium and crisis in the Mediterranean gain trade ; 3. Trade and transport : the sailing ships of the Atlantic. i. Before 1550 : the first arrivals ; ii. From 1550 to 1573 : the Mediterranean left to Mediterranean ships

Volume II. Part two. Collective destinies and general trends (continued) -- IV. Empires. 1. The origin of empires ; 2. The state: resources and weaknesses -- V. Societies. 1. Noble reaction ; 2. The defection of the bourgeoisie ; 3. Poverty and banditry -- VI. Civilizations. 1. Mobility and stability of civilizations ; 2. Overlapping civilizations ; 3. One civilization against the rest: the destiny of the Jews ; 4. The spread of civilization -- VII. The forms of war. 1. Formal war: naval squadrons and fortified frontiers ; 2. Piracy: a substitute for declared war -- VIII. By way of conclusion: conjuncture and conjunctures -- Part three. Events, politics and people -- I. 1550-1559: War and peace in Europe. 1. The origins of the war ; 2. War in the Mediterranean and outside the Mediterranean ; 3. The return of war: initiative still comes from the North ; 4. Spain in mid-century -- II. The last six years of Turkish supremacy: 1559-1565. 1. War against the Turk: a Spanish folly? ; 2. Spain's recovery ; 3. Malta: a trial of strength (18th May-8th September, 1565) -- III. Origins of the Holy League: 1566-1570. 1. Netherlands or Mediterranean? ; 2. The War of Granada: a turning point -- IV. Lepanto. 1. The battle of 7th October, 1571 ; 2. 1572: a dramatic year ; 3. Venice's "betrayal" and the two captures of Tunis 1573-1574 -- V. Turco-Spanish peace treaties: 1577-1584. 1. Margliani's peace mission: 1578-1581 ; 2. War leaves the centre of the Mediterranean -- VI. Out of the limelight: the Mediterranean after 1580. 1. Problems and difficulties for the Turks ; 2. From the French Civil Wars to open war with Spain: 1589-1598 ; 3. The end of naval war -- Conclusion

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